1996 ATP Surface Speed Ratings

My surface-speed metric uses ace rate--adjusted for the servers and returners in each match--to rate each tournament by surface speed. Thus, the number indirectly accounts for everything that influenced play: temperature, humidity, wind, balls, and of course the physical surface.

Ratings greater than 1 are faster than average. For example, a rating of 1.25 indicates that the players hit 25% more aces than they would have on a tour-average surface.

Click here for the most recent ratings, or choose another season:

Date	Tournament	Surface	Ace%	Surface Speed
04-Nov-1996	Santiago	Clay	7.0%	1.73
14-Oct-1996	Ostrava	Carpet	13.6%	1.65
29-Jan-1996	Shanghai	Carpet	10.6%	1.59
14-Oct-1996	Tel Aviv	Hard	8.2%	1.49
07-Oct-1996	Vienna	Carpet	15.6%	1.42
15-Jul-1996	Washington	Hard	10.9%	1.41
19-Feb-1996	Antwerp	Carpet	15.2%	1.40
29-Jan-1996	Zagreb	Carpet	16.5%	1.39
04-Mar-1996	Rotterdam	Carpet	19.5%	1.39
11-Mar-1996	Copenhagen	Carpet	12.6%	1.33
19-Nov-1996	Tour Finals	Carpet	23.9%	1.33
17-Jun-1996	Halle	Grass	13.2%	1.30
04-Nov-1996	Moscow	Carpet	13.9%	1.30
28-Oct-1996	Paris Masters	Carpet	12.7%	1.30
08-Apr-1996	New Delhi	Hard	11.1%	1.29
30-Sep-1996	Singapore	Carpet	13.9%	1.26
19-Feb-1996	Memphis	Hard	13.0%	1.24
19-Aug-1996	Long Island	Hard	10.0%	1.23
26-Feb-1996	Milan	Carpet	14.0%	1.23
04-Nov-1996	Stockholm	Hard	12.7%	1.21
04-Mar-1996	Scottsdale	Hard	8.8%	1.19
07-Oct-1996	Beijing	Carpet	12.4%	1.19
05-Aug-1996	Cincinnati Masters	Hard	13.0%	1.18
30-Sep-1996	Lyon	Carpet	9.6%	1.16
12-Feb-1996	Marseille	Hard	10.6%	1.15
08-Jul-1996	Newport	Grass	10.2%	1.12
19-Aug-1996	Canada Masters	Hard	10.0%	1.10
21-Oct-1996	Stuttgart Masters	Carpet	11.8%	1.09
23-Sep-1996	Basel	Hard	11.9%	1.09
18-Mar-1996	St. Petersburg	Carpet	10.7%	1.09
17-Jun-1996	Nottingham	Grass	9.9%	1.07
09-Sep-1996	Bogota	Clay	6.3%	1.07
14-Oct-1996	Toulouse	Hard	11.1%	1.07
12-Aug-1996	New Haven	Hard	10.7%	1.07
01-Jan-1996	Doha	Hard	10.3%	1.06
08-Jul-1996	Gstaad	Clay	8.2%	1.06
12-Feb-1996	San Jose	Hard	10.7%	1.06
08-Jan-1996	Jakarta	Hard	7.3%	1.04
08-Apr-1996	Hong Kong	Hard	11.0%	1.03
26-Feb-1996	Philadelphia	Carpet	8.4%	1.00
24-Jun-1996	Wimbledon	Grass	9.5%	0.99
26-Aug-1996	US Open	Hard	9.1%	0.99
15-Apr-1996	Tokyo	Hard	12.3%	0.98
29-Apr-1996	Atlanta	Clay	9.9%	0.97
10-Jun-1996	Queen's Club	Grass	9.1%	0.96
29-Jul-1996	Los Angeles	Hard	10.0%	0.96
13-May-1996	Coral Springs	Clay	8.3%	0.94
01-Jan-1996	Adelaide	Hard	8.4%	0.94
15-Apr-1996	Barcelona	Clay	6.6%	0.93
04-Mar-1996	Mexico City	Clay	5.4%	0.92
05-Aug-1996	San Marino	Clay	4.7%	0.90
09-Sep-1996	Bournemouth	Clay	9.6%	0.90
11-Mar-1996	Indian Wells Masters	Hard	8.0%	0.90
15-Apr-1996	Bermuda	Clay	6.1%	0.89
15-Jul-1996	Stuttgart Outdoor	Clay	7.0%	0.88
18-Mar-1996	Miami Masters	Hard	8.4%	0.88
06-May-1996	Pinehurst	Clay	6.9%	0.86
12-Aug-1996	Umag	Clay	4.0%	0.86
29-Jul-1996	Amsterdam	Clay	5.6%	0.85
08-Jan-1996	Auckland	Hard	6.6%	0.84
10-Jun-1996	Oporto	Clay	5.4%	0.84
12-Aug-1996	Indianapolis	Hard	9.3%	0.82
08-Jan-1996	Sydney Outdoor	Hard	9.6%	0.81
10-Jun-1996	Rosmalen	Grass	5.7%	0.78
22-Jul-1996	Kitzbuhel	Clay	5.6%	0.78
15-Jan-1996	Australian Open	Hard	6.6%	0.74
08-Jul-1996	Bastad	Clay	5.1%	0.72
27-May-1996	Roland Garros	Clay	7.1%	0.70
30-Sep-1996	Marbella	Clay	5.7%	0.69
12-Feb-1996	Dubai	Hard	6.7%	0.69
08-Apr-1996	Estoril	Clay	4.4%	0.68
23-Sep-1996	Palermo	Clay	4.1%	0.68
13-May-1996	Rome Masters	Clay	6.4%	0.67
17-Jun-1996	Bologna	Clay	4.1%	0.66
06-May-1996	Hamburg Masters	Clay	6.4%	0.66
29-Apr-1996	Prague	Clay	4.7%	0.64
29-Apr-1996	Munich	Clay	6.5%	0.62
20-May-1996	St. Poelten	Clay	4.8%	0.56
20-May-1996	Dusseldorf	Clay	6.5%	0.56
22-Apr-1996	Monte Carlo Masters	Clay	4.4%	0.55
22-Apr-1996	Seoul	Hard	5.5%	0.55
09-Sep-1996	Bucharest	Clay	3.0%	0.46
25-Mar-1996	Casablanca	Clay	2.8%	0.37